Tratamiento endoscópico de quistes coloideos del tercer ventrículo / Third ventricle colloid cysts endoscopic approach

Introducción: los quistes coloideos (QC) son tumores benignos de crecimiento lento, que comprenden menos del 1% de los tumores intracraneales. Se presentan en adultos jóvenes y se ubican más frecuentemente en el techo del tercer ventrículo. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una serie de pacientes con QC del tercer ventrículo operados por vía endoscópica, analizar la técnica quirúrgica, ventajas y desventajas. Desarrollo: se realizó una búsqueda retrospectiva de pacientes operados por vía endoscópica, en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, de tumores del tercer ventrículo en un período de 2 años (2013-2015), con diagnóstico de QC confirmado por anatomía patológica . Se identificaron cinco pacientes, tres mujeres y dos hombres, cuyo promedio de edad fue de 50 años. No hubo complicaciones perioperatorias y ninguno mostró recidiva en el lapso de observación. Conclusión: la vía endoscópica es una vía técnicamente simple y con muy baja morbilidad. Si bien no siempre puede realizarse una exéresis completa, los trabajos prospectivos permitirán definir si esto resulta suficiente para el control de la enfermedad. (AU)

Colloid cysts are benign, slow-growing tumors, comprising less than 1% of intracranial tumors. They occur in young adults and are more frequently located on the roof of the third ventricle. The objective of this study is to present a series of patients with Colloid cysts operated endoscopically and analyze advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique. We performed a retrospective review of Colloid Cysts operated on endoscopically, at the Neurosurgical Department of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires in a period of 2 years (2013-2015). Five patients were identified, three women and two men whose average age was 50 years. No perioperative complications were observed, with no recurrences during the follow up period. Conclusion: the endoscopic approach is technically simple and has very low morbidity. Although a complete excision can not always be performed, prospective studies will allow us to define whether if is sufficient to control the disease. (AU)

Transcortical Endoscopic Surgery for Intraventricular Lesions

To review recent advances in endoscopic techniques for treating intraventricular lesions via transcortical passage. Articles in PubMed published since 2000 were searched using the keywords ‘endoscopy,’‘endoscopic,’ and ‘neuroendoscopic.’ Of these articles, those describing intraventricular lesions were reviewed. Suprasellar arachnoid cysts (SACs) can be treated with ventriculo-cystostomy (VC) or ventriculo-cysto-cisternostomy (VCC). VCC showed better results compared to VC. Procedure type, fenestration size, stent placement, and aqueductal patency may affect SAC prognosis. Colloid cysts can be managed using a transforaminal approach (TA) or a transforaminal-transchoroidal approach (TTA). However, TTA may result in better exposure compared to TA. Intraventricular cysticercosis can be cured with an endoscopic procedure alone, but if pericystic inflammation and/or ependymal reaction are seen, third ventriculostomy may be recommended. Tumor biopsies have yielded successful diagnosis rates of up to 100%, but tumor location, total specimen size, endoscope type, and vigorous coagulation on the tumor surface may affect diagnostic accuracy. An ideal indication for tumor excision is a small tumor with friable consistency and little vascularity. Tumor size, composition, and vascularity may influence a complete resection. SACs and intraventricular cysticercosis can be treated successfully using endoscopic procedures. Endoscopic procedures may represent an alternative to surgical options for colloid cyst removal. Solid tumors can be safely biopsied using endoscopic techniques, but endoscopy for tumor resection still results in considerable challenges.

Cervical Bronchogenic Cyst Mimicking Thyroid Cyst

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital malformations that result from an abnormal development of the ventral foregut budding of the tracheobronchial tree at the time of organogenesis. They are usually located in the mediastinum and intrapulmonary regions. Localization in the cervical area is unusual, and specially, bronchogenic cysts presenting as thyroid and perithyroid cyst are quite rare. We report a case of bronchogenic cyst mimicking a thyroid colloid cyst. We tried percutaneous ethanol injection at 3 times for treatment of this thyroid cyst, but we failed, because of intractable cough. After cyst excision with thyroid lobectomy, we diagnosed the lesion to bronchogenic cyst. Bronchogenic cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of perithyroid cyst, which especially the lesion is intolerable cyst to enthanol injection.

Predictive Value of Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring during Resection of Intraparenchymal and Intraventricular Tumors Using an Endoscopic Port

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) using upper and lower somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) is an established technique used to predict and prevent neurologic injury during intracranial tumor resections. Endoscopic port surgery (EPS) is a minimally-invasive approach to deep intraparenchymal and intraventricular brain tumors. The authors intended to evaluate the predictive value of SSEP monitoring during resection of intracranial brain tumors using a parallel endoscopic technique. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of patients operated on from 2007-2010 utilizing IONM in whom endoscopic ports were used to remove either intraparenchymal or intraventricular tumors. Cases were eligible for review if an endoscopic port was used to resect an intracranial tumor and the electronic chart included all intraoperative monitoring data as well as pre- and post-operative neurologic exams. RESULTS: 139 EPS cases met criteria for inclusion. Eighty five patients (61%) had intraparenchymal and fifty four (39%) had intraventricular tumors or colloid cysts. SSEP changes were seen in eleven cases (7.9%), being irreversible in three (2.2%) and reversible in eight cases (5.8%). Seven patients (5.0%) with intraparenchymal tumors had SSEP changes which met our criterea for significant changes while there were four (2.9%) with intraventricular (p-value=0.25). Five patients suffered post operative deficits, two reversible and two irreversible SSEP changes. Only one case exhibited post operative hemiparesis with no SSEP changes. The positive predictive value of SSEP was 45.4% and the negative predictive value was 99.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the high negative and low positive predictive values, the utility of SSEP monitoring for cylindrical port resections may be limited. However, the use of SSEP monitoring can be helpful in reducing the impact of endoscopic port manipulation when the tumor is closer to the somatosensory pathway.

Síndrome del muñeco cabeza de resorte por quiste aracnoideo selar en un adulto / Bobble-head doll syndrome by selar arachnoid cyst in an adult

El síndrome del muñeco cabeza de resorte es un raro trastorno usualmente descrito en la población pediátrica como resultado de lesiones selares y del tercer ventrículo, especialmente quistes coloides. Su fisiopatología no está bien esclarecida. Se ha planteado que los trastornos del funcionamiento de las aferencias y eferencias hacia el núcleo dorso-medial del tálamo originarían los movimientos y estos permanecerían en el tiempo gracias a fenómenos de aprendizaje. Presentamos un raro caso del síndrome del muñeco cabeza de resorte de una paciente adulta como consecuencia de un quiste aracnoideo selar con extensión paraselar a través de la fisura de Silvio. Se realizaron comunicaciones del quiste hacia las cisternas adyacentes con lo cual se logro control completo de los síntomas tras 48 horas del procedimiento.

Bobble head doll syndrome is a rare disorder usually described in the pediatric population as a result of sellar lesions and the third ventricle, especially colloid cysts. Its pathophysiology is not well understood. It has been suggested that functional disorders of the afferent and efferent system to the dorso-medial nucleus of the thalamus causes of the movement and these remain over time through learning phenomena. We present a rare case of bobble head doll syndrome in an adult patient caused by a sellar arachnoid cyst with parasellar extension through the Sylvian fissure. Communications were made from the cyst into adjacent cisterns thereby achieving complete control of symptoms after 48 hours of the procedure.

Treatment of colloid cysts of the third ventricle through neuroendoscopic Nd: YAG laser stereotaxis / Tratamento do cisto colóide do terceiro ventrículo por neuroendoscopia estereotática com laser Nd: YAG

OBJECTIVE: Colloid cysts (IIIVT CC) are benign neuroepithelial cysts located in the anterior third ventricle. The authors propose the use of Nd:YAG laser stereotactic neuroendoscopic for guided resection of the third ventricle colloid cysts. METHOD: Eleven patients presented third ventricle colloid cysts and were treated by Nd:YAG laser guided with stereotactic endoscopy (n=7) , stereotactic endoscopy (n=3) or stereotactly guided puncture (n=1). The patients were followed prospectively (average 33 months, range 19-64 months). The clinical data, neuroimaging findings, hospitalization stay, outcomes and complications of the method were evaluated. RESULTS: All patients presented headache; six had papilledema, one had gait disturbance and one had third-nerve palsy. Neuroimaging showed hydrocephalus and a IIIVT CC with 14.4-mm mean diameter. After surgery all patients presented clinical and image improvement. Only two patients presented transient morbidities that were easily treated: One had diabetes insipidus that lasted for two days and was treated with a single dose of DDAVP, and another had chemical aseptic meningitis, probably due to the contact of the cyst content with the CSF. This patient was treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids with complete resolution of the problem without sequels. The other patients were discharged from the hospital 48 h after surgery. CONCLUSION: The stereotactic neuroendoscopy-guided procedure with Nd:YAG laser allowed the complete removal of the third ventricle colloid cysts, without definitive morbidities, sequels or recurrence of the lesion.

OBJETIVO: Os cistos colóides (CC IIIVT) são lesões neuroepiteliais benignas localizadas anteriormente no terceiro ventrículo. Nós propomos a ressecção neuroendoscópica com o uso do Nd:YAG laser guiada por estereotaxia. MÉTODO: Onze pacientes portadores de cisto colóide do terceiro ventrículo foram tratados por neuroendoscopia estereotática com laser Nd:YAG (n=7), neuroendoscopia estereotática (n=3) ou punção estereotática (n=1) e foram seguidos prospectivamente (média 33 meses, variação 19-64 meses). Os dados clínicos, achados de neuroimagem, tempo de hospitalização, evolução e complicações referentes à técnica foram avaliadas. RESULTADOS: Todos pacientes apresentaram cefaléia; seis tiveram papiledema, um apresentou distúrbio de marcha e um apresentou paresia do terceiro nervo. Os exames de neuroimagem evidenciaram hidrocefalia e CC IIIVT com diâmetro médio de 14,4 mm. Depois da cirurgia todos os pacientes apresentaram melhora clínica e de imagem. Apenas dois pacientes apresentaram morbidades transitórias que foram facilmente tratadas: um apresentou diabetes insipidus que durou dois dias e foi tratada com uma única dose de DDAVP, o outro apresentou meningite química asséptica, provavelmente pelo contato do conteúdo do cisto com o líquor. Este paciente recebeu antibióticos e corticóide com resolução completa do problema. Os outros pacientes receberam alta hospitalar após 48 h. CONCLUSÃO: A ressecção neuroendoscópica com o uso do Nd:YAG laser guiada por estereotaxia possibilitou a remoção completa do cisto colóide sem morbidades definitivas, seqüelas ou recorrência da lesão.

Endoscopic removal of third ventricular colloid cysts in non dilated ventricles

Colloid cysts are benign conditions forming not more than 1% of all intracranial neoplasm. The natural history of colloid cysts is not fully understood and the presenting manifestations are usually non specific. Many treatment options have been established for treating colloid cysts, the most recent of them is the endoscopic removal Although small or non dilated ventricles add difficulty to the procedure, yet it is not an obstacle against safe and complete resection. Between 2004 and 2007 we have operated on 10 cases of colloid cysts with non dilated ventricles [average or small sized]. Eight cases were females and two were males. The age ranged between 18 and 43 years. Headache was the outstanding symptom and occurred in all patients. Two patients suffered short term memory deficit. We used the Gaab endoscopic system with an outer sheath diameter of 6.5mm. We used neither neuronavigation nor stereotactic guidance. Follow up period ranged from 35 to 2 monthes. we were able to achieve total cyst removal in all cases. Mild transient short term memory deficit occurred in I patient. There was no mortality. Taping and working inside dilated ventricles are easier than that in smaller ones, however average or even small ventricles are not a contraindication against endoscopic colloid cyst removal even in the absence of neuronavigation and stereotaxy. Still the endoscope in small ventricles can be used safely, effectively with shorter operative period and shorter hospital stay when compared to the traditional operative techniques

Colloid Cyst in Pituitary Gland: A Case Report

Colloid cyst is a congenital lesion which is thought to be derived from the primitive neuroepithelium, and is most frequently located in the anterior half of the third ventricle. Colloid cysts rarely occur in the pituitary gland, and we describe a case of pituitary colloid cyst, including the CT, MRI and pathologic findings.

Stereotactic Removal of the Third Ventricle Colloid Cyst

Colloid cyst of the third ventricle is rare intracranial lesion. It has been estimated that they comprise approximately 0.55% of all tumors of the brain. A new interest has been developed in this lesion, which is completely benign histologically but, because of its deep and strategic location, poses a difficult therapetic problem. The contrast between the histological benignancy and the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with often surgical exploration and removal has led to alternative procedures. We reported here a 33-year-old male patient with colloid cyst of the third ventricle presenting with headache and vomiting. Who was treated by stereotacic removal utilizing CRW stereotactic system and followed up post-operatively for more than 3 years.

CT findings of intraventricular tumor

About one tenth of all CNS neoplasms involves the brain. Due to their location in the ventricles they often present similar nonspecific clinical manifestation. Localization and differential diagnosis are dependent on radiological investigation. For the identification of specific CT characteristics of the intraventricular tumors and the differental diagnosis, we retrospectively analyzed 22 pathologically proved cases seen on CT. Important differential features included age and sex of the patient, the location within the ventricle, and the morpholgic appearance of the mass and density on CT before and after intravenous administration of contrast material. Meningiomas (4 cases) and a germinoma showed increased density on the precontrast CT scans, and demonstrated dense uniform enhancement of the postenhanced scan. Choroid plexus papillomas (3 cases) showed dense uniform contrast enhancement. Intraventricular neurocytomas (3 cases) demonstrated characteristic attachment to the septum pellucidum, confinement of the lateral and third ventricle, and calcification within the mass Colloid cysts (2 cases) showed characteristic location of anterosuperior aspect of the third ventricle. In conclusion, CT findings of intraventricular tumors are usually nonspecific. The location of the mass and the patient's age are the most helpful information in the differential diagnosis.

Colloid Cyst of the Lateral Ventricle: A Case Report

No abstract available.

A Case of Colloid Cyst of Third Ventricle

The cysts of the anterior third ventrilce were first described by Wallman in 1858. These cysts have been thought to originate from a paraphyseal remnant in the telencephalic portion of the third ventricle, from a diencephalic ependymal pouch, or from the epithelium of the choroid plexus. Dandy reported 31 cases in 1933 where this condition had been found at necropsy and added 5 cases of his own in which surgical excision had been achieved with but a single postoperative death. Since Wallman's appeared before the age of 10 and in only 3 before the age of 2. We report a case of colloid cyst the third ventricle in the age of 23 months and the literature of this disease has been reviewed.